Exegeting Orality explores recent theories from oral traditional studies and media studies, comparing them with how theories of orality have historically been applied to biblical studies. It provides practical suggestions for interpreting the inspired words of Scripture through the lens of their oral traditional origins.
The book upholds a high view of Scripture while engaging with the idea that the culture which produced the Bible likely did not conceive of an "original text" in the way modern biblical scholars often do.
The work offers numerous examples of how to exegete Scripture with an awareness of orality. It surveys the entire book of Judges, provides in-depth discussions of the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John, and offers insights on Romans 9–11 and the book of Habakkuk. Additional suggestions are included for reading the Bible as a product of an oral traditional culture.
Oral Tradition provides an excellent introduction to the concepts and vocabulary of orality and media studies. Rodriguez dedicates an entire chapter to a glossary, offering readers a valuable resource for navigating the field’s terminology. This glossary allows readers to cross-reference terms that overlap with related concepts, enabling them to engage with these ideas from multiple perspectives.
Rodriguez suggests ways to apply the field’s evolving understanding of how different communication methods interact, emphasizing a contextual approach. This approach interprets texts within the framework of the community’s broader traditions. He cautions against using structural or formulaic literary features as an oral hermeneutic, noting that such features are also present in written traditions.
The book includes several examples of Rodriguez’s application of the contextual approach.
Oral World and Written Word is a foundational work by a foundational scholar in the intersection of oral tradition and the Bible. As David Carr said, Niditch "has been foremost in introducing considerations of orality, including the work of Milman Parry, Gregory Nagy, and other classicists into biblical studies, along with many other creative and original contributions to the field" (Carr, "Orality, Textuality, and Memory," 161, n.1; in Contextualizing Israel's Sacred Writings, discussed below).
Niditch's connection of Foley's theories to the Hebrew Bible remain relevant and speak to our modern readings of the Old Testament as well as our readings of the New Testament in light of the traditional culture represented by the Hebrew Bible.
Writing on the Tablet of the Heart
I actually spent more time with Carr's follow up, The Formation of the Hebrew Bible, but I am suggesting this earlier work mainly due to the price points of the two volumes. Carr endeavors to speak not only about "orality" and "textuality," but also "memory" as he investigates the traditional cultures under discussion.
The Deuteronomic History and the Book of Chronicles is a fascinating look at what well researched scholarship can look like once some older models of scholarship (like the anachronistic approaches behind the documentary hypothesis) are allowed to give way in some sort to the growing understanding of how ancient cultures actually utilized the written word.
Person has been at the forefront of serious scholarship that incorporates the growing understanding of ancient media cultures. In this work he discusses parallel passages between the Deutoronomistic account and that of Chronicles, arguing for a multiform approach. Person presents a new look at the relationship between the communities that produced each account.
Person has recently released a work that looks at how conversation theory might help us understand the choices behind certain selections of words in varying multiform performances of tradition. See Scribal Memory and Word Selection: Text Criticism of the Hebrew Bible
Contextualizing Israel's Sacred Writings: Ancient Literacy, Orality, and Literary Production is an amazing collection of articles on the intersection of orality studies and the Old Testament. It looks at archaeological evidences for the presence of ancient writing in Israel, discusses the issue of literacy, and moves into several nuances of how traditional cultures share information and how modern readers should approach texts that circulated in this kind of context.
This is a great place to begin for any scholar/pastor who wants to get an introductory and wide taste of conversations in the field.
How to Read an Oral Poem offers a broad look into Foley's incredibly influential approach to the study of oral performance and cultures whose definitive traditions were shared through "oral performance." Foley's ideas are still a "must read" in the field, and this book will help situate your mind within the conversation of what is different about oral performance compared to a more Western, textualized approach to information.
Dead Sea Media demonstrates the traditional features that are discernable within the texts discovered in the Judean desert beginning in middle of the twentieth century.
This work is a really fun read because it finds relevance in at least two ways. First, is simply demonstrates the cultural realities other scholars discuss in traditional cultures within the community(ies) behind the Dead Sea Scrolls. Secondly, it demonstrates the clear acceptance of multiform textual performances of biblical traditions which is directly applicable to our understanding of the culture behind our biblical texts.
The Interface of Orality and Writing: Speaking, Seeing, Writing in the Shaping of New Genres is a collection of articles on... well... the interface of orality and writing. I found the articles by Niditch and Foley as especially helpful, though many of the articles are noteworthy.
This is the publication of West's dissertation.
I used West's dissertation as a very helpful source in my own dissertation, and you will find it cited in Exegeting Orality.
Biblical performance criticism has had major influence on a more "oral" approach to the Bible, and West's work represents an up to date voice in the field.
Hear Ye the Word of the Lord: What We Miss if We Only Read the Bible is a much less technical approach to the Bible and traditional cultures. The greatest contribution I took from Sandy's book is the great arguments for approaching the Bible as more than a text... from within the Bible itself.
If I were to suggest a book to someone who has not had any Bible college or seminary courses that might help them process the idea that the Bible is not merely a text, it would probably be this book.
Character Theology: Engaging God through His Cast of Characters is a suggestion on how to approach the Bible as a work of a performance culture. This perspective is particularly intriguing as it adopts a missional approach, aimed at engaging with the oral traditional qualities prevalent in the majority world, and perhaps reminding us of our inherent traditional human identities. The book encourages group study of the Bible, focusing on understanding and relating to the dynamics and relationships among its characters, including God. This method emphasizes the communal and relational aspects of biblical interpretation.